FFME Canyoning Grading System — Mandarin Translation
溪降路線難度分級 通用參考標準
(Justen中譯)
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Vertical Character 縱向級數
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V1 (Very Easy):
-Rope normally unnecessary for progress
-No abseils
-No Climbing or Down-climbing Required
入門階
-無須繩索
-無垂降
-無攀爬或下攀
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V2 (Easy):
-Pitch anchors are very easily reached
-Abseils are less than 10m
-Easy climbing & down-climbing with little exposure
初階
-固定點易觸及
-垂降低於10m
-簡單攀爬&下攀
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V3 (Moderate):
-Pitch anchors are easily reached
-Abseils are easy and less than 30m
-Rappels are separated by enough room to regroup
-Low vertical flow
-Rappels land in calm pools
-Hand-line setting is easy
-Climbing moves to grade 12 (little exposure which may require a rope)
中階
-固定點易觸及
-垂降落差<30m
-垂降點間距允許團隊重整
-低水流垂直水線
-落點於平靜水域
-手繩易架設
-攀爬難度達grade 12 (微暴露處具繩索確保可能性)
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V4 (Difficult):
-Pitch anchors are difficult to reach
-Abseils are greater than 30m
-Hand-line setting is difficult
-Multi-pitch rappels with relatively spacious re-belay stations
-Rough rock edges requiring rope wear management
-Low to moderate vertical flow that can begin to cause imbalance or entrapment
-Landing pools have current
-Climbing moves to grade 15 or A0 (exposed and /or requires belaying)
高階
-固定點不易觸及
-垂降落差>30m
-手繩架設具技術性
-多繩距垂降 (空間大立足式架點)
-岩角具護繩需求
-低至中等水流垂直水線可影響平衡或使受困
-落點於動態水域
-攀爬難度達grade 15 或 A0 (暴露處需繩索確保)
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V5 (Advanced):
-Multi-pitch rappels with hanging re-belays
-Requirement to cross pools with current when rappelling
-Medium to high vertical flow (crossing the flow requires accurate route selection & balance)
-Rope retrieval is difficult or possibly has to be done while swimming
-Exposed climbing moves to grade 18 or A1
頂階 (冒險階)
-多繩距垂降 (懸掛式架點)
-具垂降渡動態水域需求
-中等至大垂直水線 (需準確降水線, 保平衡與路線選擇)
-繩索回收困難或具泳渡收繩可能性
-攀爬難度達grade 18 或 A1
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V6 (Highly Advanced):
-Pitch anchors are very difficult to reach
-Hand-line setting is very difficult
-Strong to very strong vertical flow
-Crossing the flow on rappel is very difficult (requires effective management of route selection & balance)
-Landing pools are very turbulent and/or have significant current
-Exposed climbing moves to grade 19 or A2
高冒險階
-固定點非常難觸及
-手繩非常難架設
-大至超大水流垂直水線
-垂降渡垂直水線非常困難 (需高效操作, 路線選擇與平衡感)
-落點於動態白水和強勁水流
-攀爬難度達grade 19 或 A2
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V7 (Extremely Advanced):
-Limited visibility of route with numerous obstacles
-Very sustained waterfalls without gaps
-Requirement to hold breath upon certain sections
-Landings in highly turbulent pools or powerful current
-Exposed climbing moves >grade 19 or A2
極限冒險階
-路線能見度極低且多重障礙物
-非常密集連續性瀑布無間距
-水中閉氣必要性
-落點於激流峽潭及極強勁水流
-攀爬難度>grade19 或 A2
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Aquatic Character 水域級數
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A1 (Very Easy):
-No water or calm water
-Optional swimming
入門階
-無水或平靜水域
-選擇性泳渡
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A2 (Easy):
-Swim <10m in calm water
-Simple jumps between <3m
-Short, low angled slides
初階
-泳渡平靜水域<10m
-跳水落差<3m
-滑瀑短且角度平緩
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A3 (Moderate):
-Swim <30m in calm water
-Slight current in places
-Simple jumps between 3 to 5m
-Long or moderately angled slides
中階
-泳渡平靜水域<30m
-激流於部分區域
-正常跳水落差介於3–5m
-滑瀑長或角度中等
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A4 (Difficult):
-Prolonged immersion in cold water
-Moderate current in places
-Simple jumps between 5 to 8m
-Technical jumps <5m
-Siphons of up to 1m depth and/or length
-Large or steep slides
高階
-長時間處於冰冷水域
-中等激流於部分區域
-正常跳水落差介於8–10 m
-困難跳水落差介於5–8 m
-篩縫洞寬度&深度可能達1m
-大型陡峭滑瀑
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A5 (Advanced):
-Prolonged immersion in cold water resulting in a substantial heat loss
-Current strong enough that it could affect a swimming path
-Hydraulics such as eddies, re-circulations, holes, may trap a canyoner for a short period of time
-Simple jumps between 8 to 10m
-Technical jumps of 5 to 8m
-Siphons of up to 2m depth and/or length
頂階 (冒險階)
-長時間處於冰冷水域致使熱能損耗快速
-激流可致使影響泳渡路線
-危險激流如回流, 翻滾流, 水洞 可短時間困住泳者
-正常跳水落差介於8–10 m
-困難跳水落差介於5–8 m
-篩縫洞寬度&深度可能達2m
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A6 (Highly Advanced):
-Moderate current that makes a selected swimming path or stopping point difficult to achieve
-Hydraulics such as eddies, re-circulations, holes, may trap a canyoner for a moderate period of time
-Simple jumps between 10 to 14m
-Technical jumps of 5 to 8m
-Siphons of up to 3m depth and/or length
高冒險階
-強勁激流致使難以抵達選定泳渡路線之目標點
-危險激流如回流, 翻滾流, 水洞 可中等時間困住泳者
-正常跳水落差介於10-14 m
-困難跳水落差介於5–8 m
-篩縫洞寬度&深度可能達3m
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A7 (Extremely Advanced):
-Strong current that makes a selected swimming path or stopping point extremely difficult to achieve
-Hydraulics such as eddies, re-circulations, holes, may trap a canyoner for a prolonged period of time
-Simple jumps >14m
-Technical jumps >10m
-Siphons over 3m in length and/or depth
-Technical and committing siphon, more than 1m deep, with current or no visibility
極限冒險階
-強勁激流致使極難抵達選定泳渡路線之目標點
-危險激流如回流, 翻滾流, 水洞 可長時間困住泳者
-正常跳水落差>14 m
-困難跳水落差>10m
-篩縫洞寬度&深度達3m
-高危險篩縫洞超過1m深 (具強流或無視線風險)
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Time Commitment 時間級數
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I.
-Able to get out of a flood quickly
-Escape is easy throughout the canyon
-Total time (approach, descent, return) less than 2 hours
-能快速脫離暴漲區
-全段皆有撤退路線
-總時數約<2小時
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II.
-Able to get out of a flood in less than 15 minutes
-Escape takes up to 30 minutes
-Total time (approach, descent, return) is between 2 to 4 hours
-脫離暴漲區約需15分鐘
-撤退需約30分鐘
-總時數約2至4小時
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III.
-Able to get out of a flood in less than 30 minutes
-Escape takes up to 1 hour
-Total time (approach, descent, return) is between 4 and 8 hours
-脫離暴漲區約需30分鐘
-撤退需約1小時
-總時數約4至8小時
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IV.
-Able to get out of a flood in less than 1 hour
-Escape takes up to 2 hours
-Total time (approach, descent, return) between 8 hours & 1 day
-脫離暴漲區約需1小時
-撤退需約2小時
-總時數約8小時至1天
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V.
-Able to get out of a flood in less than 2 hours
-Escape takes up to 4 hours
-Total time (approach, descent, return) is between 1 & 2 days
-脫離暴漲區約需2小時
-撤退需約4小時
-總時數約1至2天
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VI.
-Getting out of a flood takes more than 2 hours
-Escape requires more than 4 hours
-Total time (approach, descent, return) is more than 2 days
-脫離暴漲區需超過2小時
-撤退需超過4小時
-總時數超過2天
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Note:
Time Estimates Are Based on an Average Group of 6–8 People. Larger Groups And Less Experienced Groups Will Take Longer.
注：
時間分級評估以六至八人團隊為主, 更大的團體以及較沒經驗的團體會需要更多時間
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Quality 品級
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No Stars: Some beginner canyons may receive no stars, but are still worthwhile for the experience gained
無星: 值得新手練習
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1 Star⭐️: Locally significant canyons, that are worth the effort required to descend
一星: 鄉級路線
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2 Stars⭐️⭐️: Regionally significant canyons of above average quality that are worth returning to several times
二星: 縣級路線, 值得重覆造訪
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3 Stars⭐️⭐️⭐️: Nationally significant canyons with an excellent mix of good access, beauty, fun and challenge
三星: 國家級路線, 具優良進出點, 迷人地貌, 娛樂與難度性
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4 Stars⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️: Internationally significant canyons
四星: 世界級路線美景
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References:
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-The French Canyoning Grading System
-Canyoning in New Zealand (by Daniel Clearwater)
